The Constitution of 1789 entrenched slavery; it left senators to be appointed rather than elected; it made it possible for the electoral college to produce a tie between the president and his own vice president (as it did in 1800).

• 1789年的那部宪法庇护蓄奴制度；它要求参议员不依选举产生，而是委派任命；它使选举团与总统的权力势均力敌成为可能（1800年的情形就是这样的）。