The Byzantine emperor Justinian issued an edict against the Manichaeans, and Saint Augustine, who for 9 years had been a Manichee, wrote and spoke against this heresy, as well as described his own experience in his Confessions.

• 拜占庭帝国君主查斯丁尼颁布发令，反对摩尼教，圣奥古斯丁，有九年时间是摩尼教徒，口头和书面上反对这种异端，他的《忏悔录》也描写了自己的经历。