Shock may be due to low circulating volume (hypovolemic shock), vasodilation (distributive shock), primary decrease in cardiac output (both cardiogenic and obstructive shock), or a combination.

• 休克可能是由于低循环量（低血容量性休克）、血管舒张（分布性休克）、心排量基本下降（心源性休克和阻塞性休克），或多种因素结合。