Scholars in the fields of mathematics (Lobachevsky) and astronomy (Struve), as well as in physics, chemistry, and biology, were at the cutting edge of their fields.

• 数学（罗巴切夫斯基）、天文学（斯特拉夫）、以及物理、化学、生物学诸领域的学者，在其各自的领域都是处于前沿位置。