Returning to the United States, he joined the rest of the Hunkpapas on Standing Rock Reservation where he attempted to help his people adapt to the changes demanded of them by assimilationist polices.

• 现代部落制具有较高的组织性，其功能不再是主持狩猎和战争，而是负责处理印第安人所面临的各种社会问题。