Results fifty-one patients had cholecystectomy, 15 had appendectomy, 10 had combined operations and 15 had hand - assisted laparoscopic colectomy or rectectomy.

• 结果91例非气腹腹腔镜手术中，胆囊切除术51例，阑尾切除术15例，联合手术10例，手助腹腔镜结直肠癌切除手术15例。