Researchers used either acupuncture or sham acupuncture to reduce pain symptoms. The sham procedure involved using a sharp device to prick the skin in order to mimic real acupuncture sensations.

• 研究者们用针刺或者假针刺来降低疼痛症状。假的过程是用一个尖锐的装置穿入皮肤来模拟真穿刺时的感觉。