Remember the concepts of Stroke volume and Minute volume , esp. to know the affecting factors such as preload, afterload, heart rate, and cardiac contractility and their functional mechanisms.

• 熟悉微循环的结构与功能。熟悉毛细血管血液与组织液的物质交换。了解淋巴的生成、淋巴循环及其影响因素。了解静脉血压和血流，静脉脉搏。