Recently, SFG (sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy) has been developed into a powerful technique to probe in-situ surface composition and orientation information at submolecular level.

• 近年来发展起来的和频振动光谱(SFG)能在准单分子层水平上原位研究聚合物表面的基团及其取向等信息，被认为是表征聚合物界面结构的最佳技术手段之一。