Public risks recently have moved the legal system to relax doctrines, e.g., those relating to standards of causation and culpability, burdens of proof, and sharing of liability, that were designed to deal with the private risks.

• 公共风险近来已把法律制度转变成宽松的原则。 例如，那些有直接关系的应受处罚。 取证责任、责任分担等有关的准则，都是为处理个人风险而设计的。