Philosophies before Marx had always been engaged in the abstract controversies between monism and dualism, materialism and idealism, and thus fallen into the trap of arbitration and absolutism.

• 马克思以前的哲学一直陷于一元论与二元论、物主义与唯心主义的抽象对立之中,都是这样或者那样的独断论和绝对主义。