Patients and methods: A total of 65 subjects were included in the study: 30 patients consecutively admitted to the University Hospital in Szczecin, Poland, with an episode of AF and 35 healthy volunteers with normal sinus rhythm.

• 患者和方法：本研究共纳入65名对象，包括30名来自波兰什切青大学医院的阵发性房颤的患者和35名正常窦性心律的健康志愿者。