Partly because of these qualities and partly because of the decay of Manchu rule, the Westerners, instead of being absorbed by the Chinese, introduced new ideas which played an important part in stimulating ferment and unrest.

• 一部分由于这些品质，一部分由于清朝统治的衰落，西方人不但没有被中国融化，而且介绍了许多新思想进来，这些新思想发生了重要作用，激起了骚动和不安。”