Overexploitation and destruction of habitat led to the successive extinction of the Russian, Korea and Japanese population during the 20th century (Won 1971, Archibald 1978, Yamashina 1983).

• 人类过度的经济开发和栖息地破坏导致西伯利亚、朝鲜半岛和日本的朱?种群在20世纪相继灭绝(Won 1971，Archibald 1978，Yamashina1983)。