Oral administration of L-dopa continues to be the mainstay of current therapy for PD, but is limited by the inability to prevent the progressive degeneration of dopamine-secreting nerve cells.

• 传统的治疗方法是口服左旋多巴(L-dopa)等药物或实施外科手术。 其中，药物治疗的后期疗效下降，其原因与L-dopa对多巴胺能细胞的毒性有关。