No matter it is Lily Bart in The House of Mirth or Newland Archer, Ellen Olenska and May Welland in The Age of Innocence, they all respectively illustrate their tragic fate in their own way.

• 它把现实看成拥有强大的不可测力量的外部世界,人则是这个世界中的渺小的没有任何个人意志可言的被动的受害者。