Most of them had emigrated to China and Japan, so they acquired these two foreign languages by direct contact with Chinese and Japanese cultures, traditions and daily life.

• 这些人大多是曾旅居唐、日本的新罗侨民，他们对语言的掌握是建立在对相关国家的文化、民俗、日常生产生活的直接接触和深入了解的基础上的。