Most epidemiological studies of ARF in the critically ill have been based at single centers, or have examined exposures at single time points using discrete outcomes (e.g., in-hospital mortality).

• 大多数关于危重患者伴急性肾衰的流行病学研究都以单中心为基础，或者使用离散的转归来分析单个时间点暴露所获得的资料。