Methods The sublabial transseptal,transsphenoidal approach assisted by endoscope were applied in 16 cases which invasive middle and lower clivus.

• 方法采用经口鼻蝶窦入路切除向中下斜坡发展的垂体腺瘤16例,术中配合神经内镜观察,术后复查影像学资料、内分泌水平等评估手术效果。