Methods The morphine dependent model of male rats was made by subcutaneous injection of morphine.The changes of enzymohistochemistry of the kidney were studied by histochemistry and image analysis.

• 方法皮下注射吗啡建立吗啡依赖大鼠模型，用组织化学和图像分析技术观察肾脏酶组织化学的变化。