Method. A systematic meta-synthesis approach was used to identify secondary review articles and primary epidemiological studies regarding any type of IASP (neck, upper back, or low back).

• 方法：对于任何IASP的类型（颈部、上背部、腰部），我们都运用系统的元综合方法来辨别二次综述和原始的流行病学调查。