Many of the statutes governing the management of the federal lands recite broad, conflicting objectives (e.g., wilderness preservation and economic development), and therefore provide few checks on agency discretion.

• 许多支配联邦土地管理的法规列举出广泛的相互冲突的目标（如保留自然环境区和经济发展），因此对机关的自由裁量权并未提出什么制约。