Many crucial systems, such as algebra, the Arabic numerals, and the concept of zero (vital to the advancement of mathematics), were transmitted to medieval Europe from the Muslim world.

• 许多重要的系统,例如代数、阿拉伯数字及零的观念(对数学的发展至关重要)都是从穆斯林的世界传至中世纪的欧洲。