Many Chinese dialects have one or two words which are like interjections but are used with clear deictic functions.

• 不少汉语方言中都能找到一两个既有叹词的特征又有指示功能的词,本文称之为“指示叹词”,如粤方言的“呢”和“嗱”、吴方言的“喏”、长沙话的“喋”等?