Malignant tracheoesophageal fistulas can be caused by carcinoma of the esophagus, the tracheobronchial tree, or the lung, though more than 80% of these lesions are the result of esophageal carcinoma.

• 摘要造成恶性气管食道瘘管的原因中，食道癌佔80%25以上。