Lab studies have shown that cheating myxobacteria that only produce spores and never help form the non-spore producing parts of the fruiting body can drive populations to extinction.

• 公孔雀大且华丽的尾巴也许会吸引母孔雀的注意力，但是拖着条沉重又惹眼的花尾巴降低了他们的生存机会。