It was partly filled by political Islamism, with its dream not merely of a single Arab state but of a united Islamic society or umma, run along the guidelines of Islamic law.

• 而这又被政治化伊斯兰主义所部分填充，该主义不只是代表单个阿拉伯国家的愿望，而是承载着团结伊斯兰社会或乌玛（umma）的梦想，依照伊斯兰法（Islamic law）的指引而前进。