It is obvious that a characteristic has been inherited in diseases such as haemophilia and traits such as naturally red hair: such things cannot be moulded by experience.

• 很明显，有些病征是伴随疾病遗传的，如血友病等，还有一些外表特征如自然的红发，也是先天遗传的：这些都不是经验学习所能塑造的。