It connects with the Atlantic Ocean through the Strait of Gibraltar; with the Black Sea through the Dardanelles, the Sea of Marmara, and the Bosporus; and with the Red Sea through the Suez Canal.

• 由直布罗陀海峡将其与大西洋相连；由达达尼尔海峡、尔马拉海和博斯普鲁斯海峡将其与黑海相连；由苏伊士运河将其与红海相连。