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- For HBV, how does it subvert the innate immune response? 那么对于HBV而言，它是如何破坏天然免疫应答的？
- "We wanted to better understand how Francisella tularensis can oercome the body's innate immune response and cause disease. “我们想要更好的了解兔热病杆菌如何能战胜机体的故有免疫应答并引起疾病。
- Gene expression patterns in the animals infected with the conentional irus showed a robust but transient innate immune response soon after infection. 感染平常病毒的那些动物的基因表达模式表现为：受感染后，出现了短暂但有力的体内免疫反应。
- Researchers studying the 1918 influenza pandemic irus that killed 50 million people hae linked the rapid spread of the irus to an aberrant innate immune response. 研究1918年流感病毒的研究人员们已经将该病毒的迅速传播与体内异常的免疫反应联系起来，那一次流感大流行造成5000万人死亡。
- It now appears that activation of innate immune responses play a major role in atherosclerotic lesion development. 先天免疫反应的激活在动脉粥样硬化形成中具有重要作用。
- Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a pleiotropic cytokine playing a major role as regulator of hematopoiesis and innate immune responses. 粒细胞集落刺激因子（Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor，G-CSF)是一种具有促粒细胞和调节固有免疫反应作用的造血生长因子。
- Conclusions: PI3K gene deletion or pharmacologic inhibition of PI3K leads to perturbations of critical innate immune responses of the lung to challenge with S. pneumoniae. 结论I3K基因缺失以及药物抑制PI3K干扰了在肺脏抵抗肺炎球菌时具有关键作用的先天免疫反应。
- Many gram-negative bacterial pathogens have evolved specialized mechanisms for disrupting the ability of host cells to activate innate immune responses that will provide immediate defense against infection. 许多革兰氏阴性致病菌演化出了种种特别的机制来中断宿主细胞激活固有免疫反应所产生的即刻性的抗感染能力。
- Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways play key roles in activating host innate immune responses and are frequent targets of pathogenic effectors in both plants and animal systems. 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)通路在激活宿主固有免疫反应过程中起着关键性的作用,因此也是植物和动物系统内致病原的常见标靶。
- An innate, acquired, or induced inability to develop a normal immune response. 免疫缺陷先天的、后天的或诱发的正常免疫反应能力的缺失
- “This innate immune response is specific to the lung, and was probably designed to minimize collateral damage to lung tissue caused by unchecked inflammation,” said Eyal Raz, M. 免疫系统主要分为先天免疫系统和获得性免疫系统（后天免疫系统）两种类型。
- Innate immune response 先天性免疫应答
- The innate immune system seemed rather drab in comparison. 相较之下，先天免疫看起来就枯燥多了。
- It may mildly stimulate the immune response. 它可能有刺激免疫反应的作用；
- Producing an immune response; antigenic. 产生免疫反应的；抗原的
- “This innate immune response is specific to the lung, and was probably designed to minimize collateral damage to lung tissue caused by unchecked inflammation,” said Eyal Raz, M.D. 该研究勾勒出了肺脏制定其对微生物入侵的抵抗策略的一种独特机制的轮廓。
- How does the adaptive immune system interact with the innate immune system? 适应性免疫系统如何与天然免疫系统互动?
- Only when the innate host defenses are bypassed, evaded, or overwhelmed is an induced or adaptive immune response required. 仅仅当病原体绕过、躲避或者打败宿主固有防御时，机体才需要一种诱导性或者适应性免疫应答。
- What are the effector cells of the humoral immune response? 体液免疫反应中的免疫体细胞是什麽?
- these results identify NLRX1 as a NLR that contributes to the link between ROS generation at the mitochondria and innate immune responses. 研究表明NLRX1是NLR蛋白家族的一个成员，它有助于将线粒体中的活性氧生成与内源性免疫反应联系起来。
