In the Middle Ages it was ruled in succession by the Kievan Rus, the Golden Horde, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman Empire.

• 在欧洲中世纪（十三至十六世纪），敖德萨相继被基辅大公国、金帐大汗国、立陶宛大公国、克里米亚大汗国和土耳其帝国所统治。