In addition, aluminum became rich in fir root, it inhibited fir root to absorb nutrients, such as Ca, Mg etc, therefore caused dieback or death of fir.

• 加之有毒元素Al在冷杉体内富集,抑制了冷杉对营养元素Ca、Mg等的吸收,导致冷杉秃顶及衰亡。