In Friedman v. Rogers, 440 U.S. 1 (1979), however, a similar claim was rejected, because no disciplinary proceeding had been brought against the complaining party.

• 然而在"弗里德曼诉罗杰"案[《美国最高法院判例汇编》第440卷，第1页（1979）]里，最高法院却驳回了一个类似的权利主张，因为对指控方并未提起惩戒处分。