In 2003 teams led by Sergei Levshakov of the Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute in St.Petersburg, Russia, and Ralf Quast of the University of Hamburg in Germany investigated three new quasar systems.

• 在2003年，俄国圣彼得堡约费物理技术研究所的列弗沙可夫（SergeiLevshakov）与德国汉堡大学的奎斯特（RalfQuast）所领导的团队，研究了三个新的类星体系统。