Hemodialysis has been used for a number of years to externally filter the blood of patients whose kidneys are insufficient for the task. Dialysis membranes can also be used to concentrate fruit juices.

• 多年来血液透析已用来在体外过滤血液，因为肾病患者的肾脏不能胜任这项工作。渗析膜也可用于浓缩果汁。