He found three unsatisfactory features in the Cartesian metaphysics: the transcendence of God, mind-body dualism, and the ascription of free will both to God and to human beings.

• 他在笛卡儿形上学中发现了三个不足之处：上帝的超然存在、心灵和身体二元论、归属于上帝和人类的自由意志。