Halverson, C.F., Jr., Kohnstamm, G.A., &Martin, R.P. (1994). The Developing Structure of Temperament and Personality from Infancy to Adulthood. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

• “人格心理学家们普遍认同：不论是等级量表还是问卷调查的测量形式，人类的人格差异几乎完全可以用大五因素来描述。”