Further, it has distributed over millions of desktop computers locating on the edge of grid. This trend for distributed computing is obviously reflected in two rapid growing research areas: Grid Computing and Peer to Peer Computing.

• 分布式计算的这一转变趋势明显地体现在两个快速发展的研究领域中：网格计算(Grid Computing)和对等计算(Peer to Peer Computing)。