For the unique hard water in Dunhuang that permeates along slender crevices, there is not a single opening which it does not enter. Any soluble substance in the rock stratum will be solved and carried away in all directions.

• 敦煌独特的硬水，顺着细小的缝隙无孔不入地渗透，再把岩层中的可溶性成分溶解后四处搬运。