For example, KMV model based on option theory, CreditMetrics model based on VaR method, have with precise to it regards as to be basic death rate model, etc. insurance.

• 例如，以期权理论为基础的KMV模型，以VaR方法为基础的Credit Metrics模型，还有以保险精算为基础的死亡率模型等等。