For both fish and crabs, gills are an organ with multiple functions, including gas exchange, ion regulation, nitrogenous waste excretion and acid-base balance.

• 不论是鱼或是螃蟹，鳃是一个多功能的器官，至少负责气体交换、离子调节、含氮废物的排除及酸碱平衡等重要功能。