For adaptive immune responses,the main approaches to clear viruses after HBV and HCV infections are the killing effects of CTL with assistance of CD4+ cells and the neutralization or killing effects of antibodies.

• 在特异性免疫应答方面,HBV和HCV感染后机体清除病毒的途径主要有特异性CTL细胞的杀伤作用、CD4+细胞的辅助作用、抗体的中和作用或杀伤作用。