Finally, the benefits from transplantation surgeries aimed at restoring dopaminergic neurotransmission will be limited because later-stage PD disability comes from nondopaminergic substrates.

• 最后，基于重建多巴胺能神经传递的外科手术的收益受到限制，因为帕金森病晚期的残疾来自于非多巴胺能系统。