Fabrication: submitting contrived ot altered information in any academic exercise. Example: making up data for experiment, fudging data, citing nonexistent articles, contriving sources, etc.

• 伪造:指凡在某一学术活动中杜撰或篡改数据者。例如:制造试验数据,捏造数据,引用并不存在的论文,伪造资料等。