Extinct species of the family are indicated in fossil remains, some of which are now quite well known: Ardipithecus ramidus, various species of Australopithecus, Homo habilis,, and Homo erectus.

• 这个科中已灭绝的种可见于化石遗存，其中有些现在已为人们所熟知，例如拉密达猿人（Ardipithecus ramidus）、南猿属各种、巧人和直立人。