Even before the 8th Route Army appeared in North China, underground Communist workers had organized their own guerrilla units under various names, such as the Hopei Militia or the Dare To Die Corps.

• 早在八路军出现于华北之前，共产党的地下工作人员就以各种名义组织了抗日游击队，如河北民军（或称敢死队）等等。