Epiphanius, c. 375) and in the Gnostic writings themselves, reveals a diversity in theology, ethics, and ritual that defies strict classification.

• Epiphanius；c.；375)，和诺斯替派文献本身里面被发现，展示出神学，道德规范和仪轨的差异，和对严格的阶级制度的反抗。