Deaths from hunger and cold, poverty and diseases were commonplace among the serfs, and the streets in Lhasa, Xigaze, Qamdo and Nagqu were crowded with beggars of both sexes, young and old.

• 广大农奴饥寒交迫，生存维艰，因饥寒贫病而死者不计其数。拉萨、日喀则、昌都、那曲等城镇中，乞丐成群，到处可见满街要饭的老人、妇女和儿童。