Confinement and the dynamical chiral symmetry breaking are the two genuine effects of non-perturbative QCD (NPQCD).To study these two effects, non-perturbative methods are required.

• 红外禁闭行为和动力学手征自发对称性破缺是非微扰QCD的两个独特的现象，为研究这两种现象，必须采用非微扰的研究 方法。