China had embarked on a long period of isolation like that imposed on Japan by the Tokugawa shogunate in the 17th century.

• 到了公元1500年，未经批准而驾驶一艘拥有两桅的船出海航行是死罪。这和日本17世纪的德川幕府时代的情形相似，中国从此进入了漫长的闭关守国时期。